Backstroke arms alternate, like freestyle but on the back. One arm reaches behind the head and enters the water pinky-first. The other arm pulls along the body underwater. The body rotates side to side as the arms work.

What you need: A pool, lane lines.

Setup: Swimmer on back at one end of the pool.

How to run it:

  1. Float on back, kicking gently.
  2. Reach right arm overhead and into the water pinky-first, behind the head.
  3. As the right arm pulls underwater, the left arm recovers above the water (straight up and back).
  4. Continue the alternating motion across the pool.
  5. Do 4 lengths.

What to watch: Arm entry. Pinky-first entry is correct. Thumb-first is wrong (it makes the arm splash and lose power).

If they’re struggling: Drop the kick. Just do arms while standing in shallow water.

If they’ve got it: Count strokes per length. Goal: fewer strokes (longer pulls).