Helmet
Measure head circumference an inch above the eyebrows. Match to manufacturer chart.
NOCSAE certification is mandatory. Re-conditioning every 1-2 years per manufacturer guidance. A used helmet must have a current NOCSAE re-cert sticker.
Fit check: no front-to-back slide when shaking the head, chin strap snug, no pressure points after ten minutes wearing.
Shoulder pads
Measure shoulder-to-shoulder across the back, plus chest size.
Pads should sit on the AC joint, not the bicep. Arm holes large enough to lift overhead without the pads riding up.
Skill-position pads (running back, receiver) are slimmer than line pads. Match the position.
Cleats
Half size up from street shoe.
Mid-cut for ankle protection. High-top for linemen.
Molded cleats for youth. Detachable studs only at high-school level and above.